Why Fire Prevention Matters

Wildfire prevention is your first and most effective line of defense against property damage and loss of life. Research shows that homes with proper defensible space and fire-resistant features have a 90% better survival rate during wildfires. This comprehensive guide provides actionable steps to protect your property and loved ones.

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Defensible Space

Create fuel-free zones around your home to slow or stop the spread of wildfire

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Home Hardening

Use fire-resistant materials and eliminate ignition sources on your property

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Smart Landscaping

Choose fire-resistant plants and maintain vegetation for maximum safety

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Emergency Planning

Develop evacuation plans and maintain emergency supplies for your family

Defensible Space Zones

Create three distinct zones around your home to reduce fire risk and protect your property. Each zone has specific requirements for vegetation management and fuel reduction.

🏠 Home
Zone 1
0-30 feet
Zone 2
30-100 feet
Zone 3
100+ feet
1

Zone 1: Immediate Zone

0-30 feet from structures

The most critical area for fire prevention. This zone requires the most aggressive fuel reduction and should be kept as fire-resistant as possible.

Zone 1 Requirements

πŸ’‘ Zone 1 Tips

  • Replace bark mulch with gravel or decomposed granite
  • Install drip irrigation for consistent moisture
  • Choose low-growing, high-moisture plants
  • Regularly clean gutters and roof areas
2

Zone 2: Intermediate Zone

30-100 feet from structures

Focus on reducing fire intensity and creating fuel breaks to slow fire spread. Strategic vegetation management is key in this zone.

Zone 2 Requirements

πŸ’‘ Zone 2 Tips

  • Space trees 2-4 times their mature crown diameter
  • Prune lower tree branches up to 8-10 feet
  • Use fire-resistant ground covers
  • Install irrigation systems for drought periods
3

Zone 3: Extended Zone

100+ feet from structures

Reduce fire intensity and eliminate conditions that could cause extreme fire behavior. Focus on fuel reduction and forest health management.

Zone 3 Requirements

πŸ’‘ Zone 3 Tips

  • Work with local fire departments for guidance
  • Consider hiring certified arborists
  • Join community fire safe councils
  • Apply for fuel reduction grants when available

Home Hardening Strategies

Retrofit your home with fire-resistant materials and eliminate ignition sources. Focus on the most vulnerable areas where embers commonly cause ignition.

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Roof & Gutters

High Risk

Your roof is the most vulnerable part of your home to ember attacks. Proper materials and maintenance can dramatically reduce ignition risk.

Recommended Materials

  • Metal Roofing Steel, aluminum, copper
  • Clay/Concrete Tiles Terra cotta, concrete
  • Class A Asphalt Fire-rated shingles
  • Avoid: Wood Shakes Cedar, pine, untreated wood

Roof Hardening Checklist

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Vents & Openings

High Risk

Embers can enter your home through small openings and vents. Proper screening and sealing prevent ember intrusion while maintaining ventilation.

Vent Protection Checklist

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Windows & Doors

Medium Risk

Windows can break from radiant heat, allowing embers inside. Proper glazing and protection systems reduce this risk significantly.

Window Protection Options

  • Tempered Glass Single or multi-pane
  • Fire-Rated Windows 20+ minute rating
  • External Shutters Metal or fire-resistant materials

Window & Door Checklist

Fire-Resistant Landscaping

Choose plants and design landscapes that naturally resist fire while maintaining beauty and functionality. Smart plant selection can significantly reduce fire risk around your home.

Fire-Resistant Plant Characteristics

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High Moisture Content

Plants with thick, fleshy leaves and high water content burn less readily

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Low Resin & Oil

Avoid plants with waxy, oily, or aromatic leaves that ignite easily

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Minimal Dead Material

Choose plants that don't accumulate dead branches and leaves

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Open Growth Habit

Select plants with loose, open branching patterns

Recommended Plants by Region

Trees

  • Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia)
  • California Sycamore (Platanus racemosa)
  • Catalina Cherry (Prunus lyonii)
  • Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo)
  • California Bay Laurel (Umbellularia californica)

Shrubs

  • Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia)
  • Lemonade Berry (Rhus integrifolia)
  • Ceanothus (various species)
  • Manzanita (Arctostaphylos species)
  • Lavender (Lavandula species)

Ground Covers

  • Ice Plant (Delosperma species)
  • Stonecrop (Sedum species)
  • California Fescue (Festuca californica)
  • Deer Grass (Muhlenbergia rigens)
  • Beach Strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis)

Trees

  • Palo Verde (Parkinsonia florida)
  • Texas Red Oak (Quercus buckleyi)
  • Desert Willow (Chilopsis linearis)
  • Mesquite (Prosopis species)
  • Mexican Buckeye (Ungnadia speciosa)

Shrubs

  • Agave (Agave species)
  • Prickly Pear Cactus (Opuntia species)
  • Sage (Salvia species)
  • Brittlebush (Encelia farinosa)
  • Desert Marigold (Baileya multiradiata)

Ground Covers

  • Buffalo Grass (Poaceae species)
  • Desert Verbena (Glandularia gooddingii)
  • Trailing Lantana (Lantana montevidensis)
  • Desert Zinnia (Zinnia acerosa)
  • Ghost Plant (Graptopetalum paraguayense)

Trees

  • Oregon White Oak (Quercus garryana)
  • Pacific Madrone (Arbutus menziesii)
  • Bigleaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum)
  • Shore Pine (Pinus contorta)
  • Western Redbud (Cercis occidentalis)

Shrubs

  • Salal (Gaultheria shallon)
  • Oregon Grape (Mahonia aquifolium)
  • Red-flowering Currant (Ribes sanguineum)
  • Kinnikinnick (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)
  • Snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus)

Ground Covers

  • Wild Ginger (Asarum canadense)
  • Pacific Bleeding Heart (Dicentra formosa)
  • Inside-out Flower (Vancouveria hexandra)
  • Oregon Oxalis (Oxalis oregana)
  • Western Sword Fern (Polystichum munitum)

Trees

  • Live Oak (Quercus virginiana)
  • Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)
  • Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)
  • Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
  • Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)

Shrubs

  • Azalea (Rhododendron species)
  • Camellia (Camellia species)
  • Yaupon Holly (Ilex vomitoria)
  • Bottlebrush (Callistemon species)
  • Firebush (Hamelia patens)

Ground Covers

  • Coontie (Zamia integrifolia)
  • Beach Sunflower (Helianthus debilis)
  • Coral Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens)
  • Wild Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis)
  • Green-and-gold (Chrysogonum virginianum)

⚠️ Plants to Avoid in Fire-Prone Areas

High-Risk Trees

  • Eucalyptus Extremely flammable oils and bark
  • Pine Species Resinous needles and branches
  • Cypress Dense, dry foliage
  • Cedar Aromatic oils, fine foliage

High-Risk Shrubs

  • Juniper Volatile oils, dead material
  • Rosemary Aromatic oils, dry stems
  • Pampas Grass Accumulates dead material
  • Fountain Grass Fine, dry foliage

Emergency Preparedness

Prepare your family and home for wildfire emergencies with comprehensive planning, communication strategies, and essential supply kits.

72-Hour Emergency Kit

πŸ₯€ Water & Food

  • 1 gallon water per person per day (3-day supply)
  • Non-perishable food (3-day supply)
  • Manual can opener
  • Water purification tablets
  • Paper plates and plastic utensils

πŸ₯ Medical Supplies

  • First aid kit
  • Prescription medications (7-day supply)
  • Thermometer
  • Hand sanitizer
  • Face masks

πŸ“» Communication

  • Battery-powered or hand crank radio
  • NOAA Weather Radio
  • Cell phone with chargers
  • Extra batteries
  • Emergency contact list

πŸ”¦ Tools & Supplies

  • Flashlights (one per person)
  • Multi-tool or Swiss Army knife
  • Duct tape and plastic sheeting
  • Waterproof matches
  • Work gloves

πŸ“„ Important Documents

  • Copies of ID, insurance policies
  • Bank account records
  • Credit card information
  • Medical records and prescriptions
  • Cash in small bills

πŸ‘• Personal Items

  • Change of clothing and shoes
  • Sleeping bags and pillows
  • Personal hygiene items
  • Activities for children
  • Pet supplies (if applicable)

Ready-to-Go Evacuation Bag

Keep a separate bag ready for immediate evacuation (less than 10 minutes notice)

πŸŽ’ The Bag

  • Sturdy backpack or duffel bag
  • Easy to carry and grab quickly
  • Located near main exit

πŸ“± Critical Items

  • Cell phone charger
  • Important documents (copies)
  • Cash and credit cards
  • Keys (house, car, work)

πŸ§₯ Immediate Needs

  • Change of clothes for 2-3 days
  • Essential medications
  • Personal hygiene items
  • Flashlight and batteries